Background and Objective: Refusal of treatment is one of the logical reasons for obtaining consent from the patient. However, in situations where refusal to receive medical services entails serious harm to the patient or other members of society, based on jurisprudence and Legal principles, the patient's right to make decisions in the treatment process will be limited. Accordingly, this research aimed to find the answer to the question that when the patient's refusal to receive medical services poses a serious challenge to his own health or other members of society, what Legal Consequences this patient's decision will have for him or his family. Materials and Methods: Descriptive and analytical method was used in this theoretical research. Data was collected in libraries by referring to documents, books, and articles. Results: The findings of this research indicated that refusal to receive medical services, depending on whether it was done by the patient or his parents and representatives, could bring a wide range of Legal Consequences. Conclusion: Refusal to receive medical services by the patient's representatives, in addition to fulfilling their civil responsibility towards the patient as well as towards third parties, can lead to the loss of their position and also affect the level of personal liability. On the other hand, refusing to receive medical services by the patient, in addition to realizing the patient's civil responsibility towards third parties, can have harmful effects on his will and his inheritance relationship with his wife.

In the Iranian law, certainly, the trustee has not any responsibility in respect of any defect and depreciation which supervenes on the property which is the subject of the contract. However, if he committes a fault, it is not effective on the validity of the contract. So too, his responsibility in regard to the property is not absolute strict or limited strict, but it is based on the conditions and rules of contractual responsibility. In addition, If he committes Fault through taking benefit of the property, his responsibility is based on the principles of taking advantage and not the principles of the usurpation and his fault has no effect on the contractual obligations of the owner nor the rights of trustee.

Multinational Corporations (MNCs) establish subsidiary companies in various countries to expand their operation all over the world, and to invest in industrial areas of developing countries. MNCs have gained increasing importance and expansion after the Second World War. The most common structural model for a multinational enterprise is the pyramid one. In this model, a parent company is placed at the head of pyramid, and subsidiaries are owned and controlled by the parent company. In MNCs the Parent company and also each subsidiary has the nationality of its registrar country. MNCs have civil and criminal responsibility for damages to third parties. The interconnected management of subsidiaries and the parent company, and the fact that subsidiaries are controlled by parent company determine the responsibility of the parent company for subsidiary companies' operations.

There are various differences between the way we provide our necessities nowadays and the ways our grandparents did it many years ago. Appearance of big stores has played a magnificent role in this regard. Providing a long period of time, vast area, and right to choose articles freely from the shelves are the most important characteristics of this kind of sale. From jurisprudence point of view, the time of concluding contract and passing liability is very important to be discussed. One of the most remarkable questions in this regard is that if an article damages while it is in the cart of buyer, who should pay for the damage: the buyer or the store? The first step to answer the question is the interpretation we have from taking goods from the shelves of the store. If we consider it as offer, then no contractual responsibility can be recognized and general principle of tort law may result in responsibility of the buyer. But if we interpret it as acceptance of a unilateral contract offered by the store, then we can benefit the advantage of some sort of contractual responsibilities.However, taking into account the aim of providing such a vast area for shopping and unfair contractual position of the parities, it seems that it is not acceptable to consider responsibility for the buyer while she was acting reasonably and without fault.

This research article examines Legal discrimination against children born out of wedlock in Iran. Despite laws promoting equality, societal attitudes influenced by beliefs continue to result in discrimination. The study explores the reconciliation of religious beliefs with Legal frameworks and the changes made to the Iranian Legal system in response to positive human rights developments. The Article seeks to bridge the research gaps by comparing the experiences of Iranian children with those in other countries affected by Islamic law. The study employs library sources and descriptive and historical research methods to examine the Legal status of children born outside of marriage, both nationally and internationally, and the discrimination they face. The Article is structured into four distinct sections: an analysis of Islamic Law, a review of the Iranian Legal system, an assessment of Iran's compliance with international conventions, and a discourse on the necessity of substantial positive change. The Article ultimately recommends the eradication of discrimination through heightened awareness and the advancement of inclusivity for all children, irrespective of their lineage. In summary, this research Article aims to shed light on Legal challenges faced by children born outside of marriage in Iran, with the goal of promoting positive changes in their treatment.

The transition from the reform movement of the sixteenth century and the enlightenment of the eighteenth century led to the formation of Legal modernity alongside philosophical modernity, political modernity and scientific modernity, which are characterized by Legal textualism. Based on this approach, judges should present the result of their judgment within the framework of Legal texts and formal judicial logic. The subject of this article and the main question of it is: “ What are the foundations on which Legal textualism are based and what are its Consequences in modern judicial systems? ” In this article, we will first deal with the concept of Legal textualism with a descriptive method so that we can then deal with the epistemology of the principles of Legal textualism and its Consequences with an analytical method. The results of this article introduce the principles on which Legal textualism is based. In addition, the result of this article will reveal that the rigid approach to law and inferential method is not always in accordance with Legal ideals and justice and it will confuse the ontological, epistemological and anthropological foundations of Legal systems based on the principles of modernity with traditional and religious Legal systems.

the moral Consequences of approved laws and regulations are subject to reflection. This issue needs research and analysis to help the legislator in decision-making and legislation do it in accordance with ethical rules and ensuring an ethical approach to prevent the moral ineffectiveness of laws or their immoral approach. The fourth paragraph of Article 190 of the Civil Code introduces one of the basic conditions for the validity of transactions as "the legitimacy of the stimulus of transaction" and thereby considers the illegitimate motive to invalidate the contract. The means of concluding a contract is to carry out illegitimate goals, including committing sin and conduct that is prohibited and contrary to public order. Also, this Legal measure is in line with the prohibition of the deputy in sin and committing a crime. On the other hand, the Islamic moral order observes the necessity of non-disclosure of guilt in this Legal rule. According to the law, it is not necessary to specify the direction of the contract, but if it is specified, it should not be illegitimate. Creating grounds for lies and hypocrisy. The result of this is to pay attention to the approach and the moral and social effects of the Legal conditions, leading to the formation of opinions in accordance with the moral teachings of Islam and the order of society, which can create an efficient and new look at legislative decisions.